SAWEM Research Papers are scholarly and technical documents that explore the design, implementation, and implications of the South African Wholesale Electricity Market (SAWEM). These papers are essential for understanding the theoretical foundations, policy considerations, and operational strategies behind South Africa’s transition to a competitive electricity market.

This research paper has been developed under the project “Capacities for an Energy Transition” as an input to the power sector reform process. It serves as a high-level description of the market model and describes the various market segments and how the market is intended to work.

This research paper presents the underlying concepts and selected international examples of the use of a Contract for Difference (CfD) to support policy objectives.

This research paper presents the underlying concepts of the market model, more specifically as: a) The South African electricity supply industry b) The key functions of the Central Purchasing Agency (CPA) c) Appendix 1 on capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRM).